##ciekawa_strona##
Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Tajikistan (2001)
Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Tajikistan (2001)
| Arctic Ocean (2001) | Tajikistan (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati mukhtori); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)
note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
41.18% (male 1,367,194; female 1,341,967) 15-64 years: 54.22% (male 1,773,605; female 1,793,345) 65 years and over: 4.6% (male 131,009; female 171,561) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats |
| Airports | - | 53 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
51 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 36 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies |
total:
143,100 sq km land: 142,700 sq km water: 400 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US | slightly smaller than Wisconsin |
| Background | The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. | Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implementation reportedly completed by late 1999. Part of the agreement required the legalization of opposition political parties prior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such parties have made little progress in successful participation in government. Random criminal and political violence in the country remains a complication impairing Tajikistan's ability to engage internationally. |
| Birth rate | - | 33.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues:
$146 million expenditures: $196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | - | Dushanbe |
| Climate | polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow | midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains |
| Coastline | 45,389 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | - | 6 November 1994 |
| Country name | - | conventional long form:
Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Currency | - | somoni |
| Death rate | - | 8.57 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $1.3 billion (1999 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert P. J. FINN embassy: temporarily collocated with the US Embassy in Almaty (Kazakhstan) mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: NA FAX: NA |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Rashid ALIMOV |
| Disputes - international | some maritime disputes (see littoral states) | portions of Tajikistan's northern and western border with Uzbekistan and its eastern border with China have not been officially demarcated; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $64.7 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. | Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajikistani economy has been gravely weakened by six years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies from Moscow and of markets for its products. Most of its people live in abject poverty. Tajikistan depends on aid from Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. The future of Tajikistan's economy and the potential for attracting foreign investment depend upon stability and continued progress in the peace process. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 14.729 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 3.9 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 4.1 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 15.623 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
1.9% hydro: 98.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m |
lowest point:
Syrdariya 300 m highest point: Pik Imeni Ismail Samani 7,495 m |
| Environment - current issues | endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack | inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | - | Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% |
| Exchange rates | - | Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)
note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state:
President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2% |
| Exports | - | $761 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | - | aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles |
| Exports - partners | - | Liechtenstein 26%, Uzbekistan 20%, Russia 8% (1998) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | - | three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
19.8% industry: 18.1% services: 62.1% (1998) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 5.1% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 90 00 N, 0 00 E | 39 00 N, 71 00 E |
| Geography - note | major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months | landlocked |
| Highways | - | total:
29,900 km paved: 21,400 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather) unpaved: 8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption |
| Imports | - | $782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | - | electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | - | Europe 32.3%, Uzbekistan 29%, Russia 13.6% (1998) |
| Independence | - | 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 10% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | - | aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 116.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 33% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | NA |
| Irrigated land | - | 6,390 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) |
| Labor force | - | 1.9 million (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | - | total:
3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km |
| Land use | - | arable land:
6% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 4% other: 65% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | - | Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business |
| Legal system | - | based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts |
| Legislative branch | - | bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
64.18 years male: 61.09 years female: 67.42 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% (1989 est.) |
| Location | body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle | Central Asia, west of China |
| Map references | Arctic Region | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| Maritime claims | - | none (landlocked) |
| Military branches | - | Army, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $17 million (FY97) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1.8% (FY97) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
1,586,700 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
1,300,252 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
72,056 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day, 9 September (1991) |
| Nationality | - | noun:
Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani |
| Natural hazards | ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May | NA |
| Natural resources | sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) | hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold |
| Net migration rate | - | -3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | natural gas 400 km (1992) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Congress of People's Unity of Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Lali Badakhshan Movement [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; National Movement Party [Hakim MUHHABATOV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Rastokhez (Rebirth) Movement [Tohiri ABDUJABBOR]; Socialist Party [Sherali KENJAEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | - | 6,578,681 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 80% (2000 est.) |
| Population growth rate | - | 2.12% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1.291 million (1991) |
| Railways | - | total:
480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990) |
| Religions | - | Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment:
poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 363,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 2,500 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997) |
| Terrain | central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) | Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest |
| Total fertility rate | - | 4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1998) |
| Waterways | - | none |
Sitemap:
Compare countries listing (map site) |
Country listing (map site)
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.
Links: Add to favorites | Information about this website | Stats | Polityka prywatnosci
This page was generated in ##czas## s. Size this page: ##rozmiar_strony## kB.